# pacs.to

> Free radiology image repository for medical education. A pastebin-style library of radiological signs, teaching cases, and imaging examples (X-ray, CT, MRI, ultrasound, and more).

pacs.to publishes de-identified radiology teaching cases. Every case has a short canonical URL, a descriptive slug URL, tags (modality, anatomy, pathology, sequence), a title, and often a longer description. Content is publicly viewable. Uploading requires a free account.

This file is the short index. The complete case catalog is at https://pacs.to/llms-full.txt. The Google XML sitemap is at https://pacs.to/sitemap.xml.

## URL structure

- Homepage (recent cases + tag directory): https://pacs.to/
- Case, canonical: https://pacs.to/{uid}
- Case, descriptive alias (same content, keyword-rich): https://pacs.to/{uid}/{slug}
- Tag collection (one tag): https://pacs.to/t/{tag-slug}
- Combined tags, AND logic: https://pacs.to/t/{slug-a},{slug-b}
- Pagination: https://pacs.to/?page={n} and https://pacs.to/t/{tag-slug}?page={n}
- XML sitemap: https://pacs.to/sitemap.xml
- Full LLM catalog: https://pacs.to/llms-full.txt

`{uid}` is a 12-character lowercase id. `{slug}` is a kebab-case title derived from the case description. If the slug in the URL does not match, the server 301-redirects to the correct slug. Always prefer the canonical short URL when citing a case.

## How to browse

1. Start at https://pacs.to/ for the newest cases and the tag directory.
2. Open a tag page such as https://pacs.to/t/mri or https://pacs.to/t/chest to filter by modality or anatomy.
3. Combine tags with commas for AND filters, e.g. https://pacs.to/t/mri,knee.
4. Open a case. The page includes the image, title, description, tags (links back to /t/{slug}), uploader, and dates.
5. Do not use /api/* — those endpoints are for the interactive UI, not crawlers. HTML pages already contain the case text, tags, and image URLs.

Private routes (do not crawl): /api/, /upload, /login, /signup, /account, /settings, /forgot-password, /reset-password.

## Site

- [Homepage](https://pacs.to/): Browse recent radiology teaching cases and the tag directory
- [XML sitemap](https://pacs.to/sitemap.xml): Canonical URLs for Google Search Console
- [Full catalog](https://pacs.to/llms-full.txt): Every public case with description, tags, and URLs

## Tags

### Modality

- [MRI](https://pacs.to/t/mri): 153 cases
- [XRAY](https://pacs.to/t/xray): 92 cases
- [CT](https://pacs.to/t/ct): 30 cases
- [US](https://pacs.to/t/us): 20 cases
- [Fluoroscopy](https://pacs.to/t/fluoroscopy): 7 cases
- [PET](https://pacs.to/t/pet): 1 case
- [MAMMOGRAPHY](https://pacs.to/t/mammography): 1 case

### Anatomy

- [Knee](https://pacs.to/t/knee): 68 cases
- [Shoulder](https://pacs.to/t/shoulder): 46 cases
- [Spine](https://pacs.to/t/spine): 29 cases
- [Hip](https://pacs.to/t/hip): 24 cases
- [Pelvis](https://pacs.to/t/pelvis): 22 cases
- [Ankle](https://pacs.to/t/ankle): 17 cases
- [Elbow](https://pacs.to/t/elbow): 14 cases
- [Labrum](https://pacs.to/t/labrum): 13 cases
- [Wrist](https://pacs.to/t/wrist): 13 cases
- [Chest](https://pacs.to/t/chest): 12 cases
- [Cervical Spine](https://pacs.to/t/cervical-spine): 11 cases
- [Meniscus](https://pacs.to/t/meniscus): 9 cases
- [Cartilage](https://pacs.to/t/cartilage): 8 cases
- [Abdomen](https://pacs.to/t/abdomen): 7 cases
- [Finger](https://pacs.to/t/finger): 6 cases
- [Hand](https://pacs.to/t/hand): 6 cases
- [Foot](https://pacs.to/t/foot): 5 cases
- [Lumbar Spine](https://pacs.to/t/lumbar-spine): 5 cases
- [Patella](https://pacs.to/t/patella): 5 cases
- [PCL](https://pacs.to/t/pcl): 4 cases
- [Brain](https://pacs.to/t/brain): 4 cases
- [Achilles](https://pacs.to/t/achilles): 4 cases
- [MCL](https://pacs.to/t/mcl): 2 cases
- [Thigh](https://pacs.to/t/thigh): 2 cases
- [Carpal](https://pacs.to/t/carpal): 2 cases
- [Supraspinatus](https://pacs.to/t/supraspinatus): 2 cases
- [Sacrum](https://pacs.to/t/sacrum): 2 cases
- [ACL](https://pacs.to/t/acl): 2 cases
- [Lower Leg](https://pacs.to/t/lower-leg): 2 cases
- [Femur](https://pacs.to/t/femur): 2 cases
- [Head](https://pacs.to/t/head): 1 case
- [Skull](https://pacs.to/t/skull): 1 case
- [Breast](https://pacs.to/t/breast): 1 case
- [Leg](https://pacs.to/t/leg): 1 case
- [Sternum](https://pacs.to/t/sternum): 1 case
- [Clavicle](https://pacs.to/t/clavicle): 1 case
- [Tibia](https://pacs.to/t/tibia): 1 case
- [Humerus](https://pacs.to/t/humerus): 1 case
- [Toe](https://pacs.to/t/toe): 1 case
- [Tendon](https://pacs.to/t/tendon): 1 case
- [Buttock](https://pacs.to/t/buttock): 1 case

### Pathology

- [MSK](https://pacs.to/t/msk): 54 cases
- [fracture](https://pacs.to/t/fracture): 29 cases
- [Bone Lesion](https://pacs.to/t/bone-lesion): 21 cases
- [Ligament Injury](https://pacs.to/t/ligament-injury): 18 cases
- [Arthrogram](https://pacs.to/t/arthrogram): 17 cases
- [Normal](https://pacs.to/t/normal): 14 cases
- [Dislocation](https://pacs.to/t/dislocation): 14 cases
- [Tendon Injury](https://pacs.to/t/tendon-injury): 13 cases
- [Interventional](https://pacs.to/t/interventional): 11 cases
- [Anatomical Variant](https://pacs.to/t/anatomical-variant): 10 cases
- [Benign](https://pacs.to/t/benign): 10 cases
- [Paediatric](https://pacs.to/t/paediatric): 10 cases
- [Tendinopathy](https://pacs.to/t/tendinopathy): 9 cases
- [Dysplasia](https://pacs.to/t/dysplasia): 8 cases
- [Stress fracture](https://pacs.to/t/stress-fracture): 8 cases
- [Muscle Injury](https://pacs.to/t/muscle-injury): 7 cases
- [OCD](https://pacs.to/t/ocd): 7 cases
- [Nerve Lesion](https://pacs.to/t/nerve-lesion): 6 cases
- [Cauda Equina](https://pacs.to/t/cauda-equina): 5 cases
- [Cystic](https://pacs.to/t/cystic): 4 cases
- [Forearm](https://pacs.to/t/forearm): 4 cases
- [Patellar tendon](https://pacs.to/t/patellar-tendon): 4 cases
- [ABER](https://pacs.to/t/aber): 4 cases
- [Bursitis](https://pacs.to/t/bursitis): 4 cases
- [Avulsion](https://pacs.to/t/avulsion): 4 cases
- [Neuro](https://pacs.to/t/neuro): 3 cases
- [Lumbar](https://pacs.to/t/lumbar): 3 cases
- [Haematoma](https://pacs.to/t/haematoma): 3 cases
- [Cancer](https://pacs.to/t/cancer): 3 cases
- [Infarct](https://pacs.to/t/infarct): 3 cases
- [Plantar fascia](https://pacs.to/t/plantar-fascia): 3 cases
- [Hamstring](https://pacs.to/t/hamstring): 3 cases
- [FAI](https://pacs.to/t/fai): 3 cases
- [Apophysitis](https://pacs.to/t/apophysitis): 3 cases
- [Pars Interarticularis](https://pacs.to/t/pars-interarticularis): 3 cases
- [Infection](https://pacs.to/t/infection): 3 cases
- [AVN](https://pacs.to/t/avn): 3 cases
- [Intervertebral Disc](https://pacs.to/t/intervertebral-disc): 3 cases
- [Lordosis](https://pacs.to/t/lordosis): 2 cases
- [Surgical Emphysema](https://pacs.to/t/surgical-emphysema): 2 cases
- [Syndrome](https://pacs.to/t/syndrome): 2 cases
- [Complication](https://pacs.to/t/complication): 2 cases
- [Anatomy](https://pacs.to/t/anatomy): 2 cases
- [Trauma](https://pacs.to/t/trauma): 2 cases
- [FABS](https://pacs.to/t/fabs): 2 cases
- [Metastasis](https://pacs.to/t/metastasis): 2 cases
- [Osteomyelitis](https://pacs.to/t/osteomyelitis): 2 cases
- [Lipohaemarthrosis](https://pacs.to/t/lipohaemarthrosis): 2 cases
- [Effusion](https://pacs.to/t/effusion): 2 cases
- [Haemangioma](https://pacs.to/t/haemangioma): 2 cases
- [Iliotibial](https://pacs.to/t/iliotibial): 1 case
- [Lymph Nodes](https://pacs.to/t/lymph-nodes): 1 case
- [Neurodegenerative](https://pacs.to/t/neurodegenerative): 1 case
- [Synovitis](https://pacs.to/t/synovitis): 1 case
- [Osteosarcoma](https://pacs.to/t/osteosarcoma): 1 case
- [Protrusion](https://pacs.to/t/protrusion): 1 case
- [GI](https://pacs.to/t/gi): 1 case
- [Quadriceps](https://pacs.to/t/quadriceps): 1 case
- [AML](https://pacs.to/t/aml): 1 case
- [Metalwork](https://pacs.to/t/metalwork): 1 case
- [Gastrocnaeumius](https://pacs.to/t/gastrocnaeumius): 1 case
- [Manubrium](https://pacs.to/t/manubrium): 1 case
- [Scaphoid](https://pacs.to/t/scaphoid): 1 case
- [Pars](https://pacs.to/t/pars): 1 case
- [Angiogram](https://pacs.to/t/angiogram): 1 case
- [Cellulitis](https://pacs.to/t/cellulitis): 1 case
- [Arthoplasty](https://pacs.to/t/arthoplasty): 1 case
- [Perforation](https://pacs.to/t/perforation): 1 case
- [corpus luteal cyst](https://pacs.to/t/corpus-luteal-cyst): 1 case
- [Calf](https://pacs.to/t/calf): 1 case
- [Lysis](https://pacs.to/t/lysis): 1 case
- [Large Bowel Obstruction](https://pacs.to/t/large-bowel-obstruction): 1 case
- [Muscle Oedema](https://pacs.to/t/muscle-oedema): 1 case
- [mediastinal mass](https://pacs.to/t/mediastinal-mass): 1 case
- [Hyperdense](https://pacs.to/t/hyperdense): 1 case
- [ALPSA](https://pacs.to/t/alpsa): 1 case
- [Rib](https://pacs.to/t/rib): 1 case
- [Chondroid](https://pacs.to/t/chondroid): 1 case
- [Intracranial Haemorrhage](https://pacs.to/t/intracranial-haemorrhage): 1 case
- [Coalition](https://pacs.to/t/coalition): 1 case
- [Patellofemoral](https://pacs.to/t/patellofemoral): 1 case
- [Parietal Lobe](https://pacs.to/t/parietal-lobe): 1 case
- [Sigmoid Volvulus](https://pacs.to/t/sigmoid-volvulus): 1 case
- [Transforaminal](https://pacs.to/t/transforaminal): 1 case
- [Pneumomediastinum](https://pacs.to/t/pneumomediastinum): 1 case
- [Sacroiliac](https://pacs.to/t/sacroiliac): 1 case
- [Epidural](https://pacs.to/t/epidural): 1 case
- [Annular Pulley](https://pacs.to/t/annular-pulley): 1 case
- [lymph node enlargement](https://pacs.to/t/lymph-node-enlargement): 1 case
- [Erosion](https://pacs.to/t/erosion): 1 case
- [ABC](https://pacs.to/t/abc): 1 case
- [Pubic Symphysis](https://pacs.to/t/pubic-symphysis): 1 case
- [Extrusion](https://pacs.to/t/extrusion): 1 case
- [rt upper lobe shadowing](https://pacs.to/t/rt-upper-lobe-shadowing): 1 case
- [Mandible](https://pacs.to/t/mandible): 1 case
- [Pericardial Effusion](https://pacs.to/t/pericardial-effusion): 1 case
- [Prion](https://pacs.to/t/prion): 1 case
- [hilum overlay](https://pacs.to/t/hilum-overlay): 1 case
- [Osteoma](https://pacs.to/t/osteoma): 1 case
- [Artefact](https://pacs.to/t/artefact): 1 case
- [Temporal Bone](https://pacs.to/t/temporal-bone): 1 case
- [Prosthetic](https://pacs.to/t/prosthetic): 1 case
- [Y-view](https://pacs.to/t/y-view): 1 case
- [Pneumonia](https://pacs.to/t/pneumonia): 1 case
- [Pincer](https://pacs.to/t/pincer): 1 case
- [Enthesopathy](https://pacs.to/t/enthesopathy): 1 case
- [Pneumothorax](https://pacs.to/t/pneumothorax): 1 case
- [Autoimmune](https://pacs.to/t/autoimmune): 1 case
- [Injection](https://pacs.to/t/injection): 1 case
- [Sports](https://pacs.to/t/sports): 1 case
- [Sequestrum](https://pacs.to/t/sequestrum): 1 case
- [ACJ](https://pacs.to/t/acj): 1 case
- [silicone lymphadenopathy](https://pacs.to/t/silicone-lymphadenopathy): 1 case
- [Cyst](https://pacs.to/t/cyst): 1 case

### Sequence

- [3D](https://pacs.to/t/3d): 2 cases

## Recent cases

- [Osteoid osteoma](https://pacs.to/selcs9dme7uw/osteoid-osteoma) — MRI, Axial, Femur, Osteoid Osteoma
- [Osteoid Osteoma](https://pacs.to/o3xu65p4lheh/osteoid-osteoma) — MRI, Lower Leg, Coronal, Bone Lesion, Osteoma
- [Left facet joint cyst causing lateral recess impingement](https://pacs.to/yn1367h5yg3q/left-facet-joint-cyst-causing-lateral-recess-impingement) — MRI, Lumbar Spine, Axial, Facet Arthropathy, Cyst
- [Foraminal disc protrusion - cervical](https://pacs.to/12zvm13ylxii/foraminal-disc-protrusion-cervical) — MRI, Cervical Spine, Sagittal, Disc Protrusion
- [Cervical disc protrusion (right)](https://pacs.to/6zc2537np3id/cervical-disc-protrusion-right) — MRI, Cervical Spine, Axial, Disc Protrusion
- [Normal cervical spine axial disc level](https://pacs.to/y695prdq27gz/normal-cervical-spine-axial-disc-level) — MRI, Cervical Spine, Axial, Normal
- [Cervical Lordosis (normal)](https://pacs.to/a7py902nhnhv/cervical-lordosis-normal) — MRI, Cervical Spine, Sagittal, Normal, Lordosis
- [Cervical lordotic straightening (non pathological)](https://pacs.to/5ln9ia3aqea7/cervical-lordotic-straightening-non-pathological) — MRI, Cervical Spine, Sagittal, Lordosis
- [Cervical disc protrusion (right)](https://pacs.to/3vsqt3n5jgnz/cervical-disc-protrusion-right) — MRI, Cervical Spine, Axial, Disc Protrusion
- [Cervical disc osteophyte bulge, narrowing subarticular zones](https://pacs.to/rotm1heun1si/cervical-disc-osteophyte-bulge-narrowing-subarticular-zones) — MRI, Axial, Cervical Spine, Spine, Disc Degeneration
- [Lumbar spinal stenosis](https://pacs.to/260k9x3uopq3/lumbar-spinal-stenosis) — MRI, Axial, Facet Hypertrophy, Spinal Stenosis, Spine, Lumbar Spine
- [Facet joint hypertrophy](https://pacs.to/h2a7zdgdo79u/facet-joint-hypertrophy) — MRI, Lumbar Spine, Axial, Facet Hypertrophy, Spine
- [Lumbar foraminal narrowing](https://pacs.to/nnr9zgunc8pl/lumbar-foraminal-narrowing) — MRI, Lumbar Spine, Sagittal, Disc Degeneration, Spine
- [Loosening of hip replacement - liner wear](https://pacs.to/qgb83is7zgak/loosening-of-hip-replacement-liner-wear) — XRAY, Pelvis, Hip, Complication, Arthoplasty
- [Pseudodefect of the capitellum](https://pacs.to/jpkmevgn26ws/pseudodefect-of-the-capitellum) — Normal, Elbow, MRI, Sagittal, Anatomical Variant, Artefact
- [Lateral patellar dislocation + osteochdonral defect](https://pacs.to/84qgxtegrs79/lateral-patellar-dislocation-osteochdonral-defect) — MRI, Knee, Axial, OCD, Patellar Dislocation
- [Calcinosis cutis in graft vs host disease](https://pacs.to/cu8i79wk7v5u/calcinosis-cutis-in-graft-vs-host-disease) — XRAY, MSK, Lower Leg, Soft Tissue Calcification, Autoimmune
- [Distal ACL avulsion from tibial eminence](https://pacs.to/7s5y48915voz/distal-acl-avulsion-from-tibial-eminence) — MRI, Knee, Sagittal, ACL, Ligament Injury, Paediatric
- [Acute lung infection - pneumonia (right)](https://pacs.to/0g8i6qdsijc8/acute-lung-infection-pneumonia-right) — XRAY, Chest, Infection, Pneumonia
- [L5 pars defect](https://pacs.to/1jswucb5t6tq/l5-pars-defect) — CT, Sagittal, Spondylolisthesis, Lumbar Spine, Pars Defect

## Optional

- [Full case catalog (llms-full.txt)](https://pacs.to/llms-full.txt): Complete listing of every public teaching case
- [XML sitemap](https://pacs.to/sitemap.xml): Machine-readable URL list for search engines